一、与过去分词连用构成各种完成时和完成进行时
1、构成现在完成时
You've been a pretty good friend, when all is said and done. 不管怎么说，你一直都是位很好的朋友。
2、构成过去完成时
I had not seen him at least ten years. 我至少十年没有见过他了。
3、构成将来完成时
The truck will have arrived by the time you have all the things packed up. 等你把所有这些东西都包装完毕，卡车就会到达了。
4、构成过去将来完成时
He told me that he would have finished the work by five o'clock. 他告诉我到5点钟他就完成工作了。
5、构成现在完成进行时
What have you been doing these days? 这些日子你一直在做什么？
6、构成过去完成进行时
I had not been reading for half an hour when I heard steps outside. 我看书还不到半小时就听到外面有脚步声。
7、构成将来完成进行时
By the end of next month we shall have been living here for twenty years. 到下个月底，我们住在这里就满20年了。
8、构成过去将来完成进行时
She told us that by the end of that July she would have been woring in the university for thirty-five years. 她告诉我们到那年7月底，她在这所大学工作就满35年了。
9、情态动词后跟完成式
I think they must have left early. 我想他们一定早已走了。
10、构成非限定动词的完成式
Having lived in Shanghai since childhood, he knew the place extremely well. 从小住在上海，他对该地非常了解。
二、have意义为“有”时，在疑问和否定式中，具有助动词的作用
Has she blue eyes or brown? 她的眼睛是蓝色的还是褐色的？
What have you in your hand? 你手里拿着什么？
在这一用法中，也可以借助do
Do you have a pencil that you can lend me?你有铅笔借我用吗？
三、构成had better, had best, had rather等词组，表示“最好还是，宁可，宁愿”。其否定形式为“had better/rather not” (had best=had better)
You'd better not run the risk. 你最好不要冒这个险。
I thought I had best have your opinion first. 我想最好先听听你的意见。
had better 后有时跟不定式进行式，表示立即做某事
I think I'd better be going. 我想我最好立即走。
四、当句子是由否定意义的词或only等词语位于句首，且谓语动词是完成式时，have用来帮助构成倒装句
Never have I found him in such a good mood. 我从未见他情绪这么好过。
Seldom have I read a novel so touching as this. 我很少读过这样动人的小说。
Only in recent times has it been accepted that women have the same right as men. 只有在现代人们才承认男女权利平等。
标签： has和have的用法
