视频加载中...
Hi, I'm Molly.
嗨，我是莫莉。
Welcome to Oxford Online English!
欢迎来到牛津大学雅思外教课！
In this lesson, you can test your ability to use articles: 'a', 'an' and 'the'.
本节课将测试你使用冠词 “a”、“an”和“the”的能力。
Here's how this lesson works.
这节课会这样进行。
There are five levels.
一共有五级。
Each level is more difficult than the previous one.
每一级都比前一级更难。
Level one is beginner.
第一级是初级。
Levels two to four are intermediate.
二至四级是中级。
Level five is high intermediate to advanced.
五级是中高级到高级。
If you're not a beginner, start at level two!
如果你不是初学者的话，就从第二级开始吧！
At each level, you can see what you need to focus on if you have difficulties.
在每个级别，如果你有困难的话，可以看自己需要关注的内容。
Got it?
懂了吗？
Let's start with level one.
让我们从第一级开始。
Look at five sentences.
请看五个句子。
Each sentence has a gap.
每个句子都有一个空格。
You can put 'a', 'an', 'the' or nothing in the gap.
你可以把“a”、“an”、“the”填进去，或者也可以什么都不填。
Pause the video and find your answers now!
暂停视频，去寻找你的答案吧！
Ready?
完成了吗？
Let's see the answers together.
让我们看一下所有的答案吧。
Use 'a' or 'an' after 'there is', when you're talking about one thing.
在描述一个事物的时候，“there is”之后使用“a”或者是“an”。
Use 'a' or 'an' to say what someone is, for example to say someone's job.
描述一个人的时候，比如说描述一个人的工作要使用“a”或者是“an”。
Remember that you can't use 'a' or 'an' with a plural noun. Use nothing.
记住，你不能在复数名词中使用“a”或“an”。什么也不要加。
Don't use 'a' or 'the' to talk about things in general.
不要用“a”或“the”来谈论一般的事物。
If you say 'I like strawberries', you mean that you like all strawberries, in general.
如果你说“我喜欢草莓”，你的意思是你喜欢所有的草莓，一般来说。
Use 'a' or 'an' to mean 'one of many'.
使用“a”或“an”表示的是“许多人中的一个”。
This is a common way to use 'a' or 'an', so it's useful to remember this idea.
这是使用“a”或“an”的一种常见方式，所以记住这一点很有用。
Here, there are many possible questions you could ask, but you just want to ask one.
在这里，你可以问很多可能的问题，但你只想问一个。
Use 'the' when it's obvious which thing you mean.
当你的意思很明显时，使用“the”。
You often use 'the' in this way to talk about things around you which you can see and touch.
你经常以这种方式使用“the”来谈论你周围你能看到和触摸到的事物。
There are many windows in the world, but if someone asks you to close the window, you probably know which window they mean.
世界上有很多窗户，但如果有人要求你关闭窗户，你可能知道他们指的是哪扇窗户。
Now, let's move on to level two.
现在让我们进入第二级。
Here are your sentences for level two.
这是第二级的句子。
Here, we'll focus on when to use 'the' or not.
在这里，我们将重点讨论何时应该使用，何时应该不使用“the”。
Some of these sentences are missing 'the'.
其中一些句子缺少“the”。
Some are correct.
有一些句子是正确的。
Your job is to decide which sentences are incorrect, and add 'the' where needed.
你要做的是确定哪些句子是不正确的，并在需要的地方加上“the”。
Pause the video and think about it.
暂停视频，思考一下。
Could you do it?
你可以完成吗？
Take more time if you want!
如果需要的话，那就多花点时间吧！
OK, let's see the answers.
好的，让我们看看答案。
In number one, 'fish' is general — you aren't talking about some specific fish.
在第一个句子中，“鱼”是一般性的——你不是在谈论某些特定的鱼。
However, you could say 'the smoked fish'.
然而，你可以说“熏鱼”。
Do you know when?
你知道是什么时候吗？
You could say 'the smoked fish' if you were talking about food from a menu.
如果你说的是菜单上的食物，你可以说“熏鱼”。
You often use this when ordering in a restaurant.
在餐厅点餐时，你经常使用这种方式。
For example: 'I'll have the salmon, please.' In this case, it's something specific.
例如：“请给我来一份三文鱼。”在这种情况下，它是一个具体的东西。
'The smoked fish' means 'the smoked fish which is on your menu and which you serve here.' Meals — breakfast, lunch and dinner — don't usually have an article.
“熏鱼”是指“你们菜单上的烟熏鱼，你们在这里提供的烟熏鱼。”正餐——早餐、午餐和晚餐——通常没有冠词。
Use 'the' before a superlative adjective, like 'tallest', 'most' or 'best'.
在高级形容词前使用“the”，如“最高”、“最多”或“最好”。
In many phrases, you just have to remember whether to use 'the' or not.
在许多短语中，你只需要记住是否使用 “the”。
Why do you say 'on TV', without 'the', but 'on the Internet', with 'the'?
为什么要说“在电视上”，没有“the”，而“在网上”却有“the”呢？
There's no real logic to this; you just need to remember.
没有什么真正的逻辑，你只需要记住就行了。
Try to learn phrases like this as whole chunks, so you don't have to think about whether to use 'the' or not when you're using them in speech.
尽量把这样的短语当作整块来学，这样你在说话时就不必考虑是否需要使用“the”。
If you're talking about people in general, then you don't use 'the'.
如果你说的是一般的人，那么就不要用“the”。
For example: 'Most people in the UK live in houses, not apartments.' But, if you're talking about a specific group of people, then you need 'the'.
例如：“英国的大多数人都住在房子里，而不是公寓。”但是，如果你说的是一群特定的人，那么你需要“the”。
That's why you say 'most of the people in my class' — you're talking about a specific, limited group of people.
这就是为什么你说“我班上的大多数人”——你说的是一个特定的、有限的人群。
When you're talking about transport, you need 'the' if you use the verb 'take': take the bus, take the train, take the subway, and so on.
当你谈论交通时，如果你使用动词“take”，你就需要“the”：坐公共汽车，坐火车，坐地铁，等等。
However, don't use 'the' after 'by': go by bus, get there by train, travel by subway, and so on.
但是，不要在“by”后面使用“the”：乘公共汽车去，乘火车去，乘地铁去，等等。
Finally, you often need to use 'the' with places in a city, like shops, supermarkets, banks and so on.
最后，你经常需要用“the”来表示一个城市的地方，如商店、超市、银行等。
Let's think about something; look at two sentences.
让我们想一想，看两个句子。
Both are possible, but what's the difference?
两者都有可能，但有什么区别呢？
Sentence number one, with 'the', means that you know which post office you're going to and where it is.
第一句话，用“the”表示你知道你要去哪个邮局，以及它在哪里。
The second sentence, with 'a', means that there are many post offices, and maybe you haven't decided which one you're going to stop at.
第二句中的“a”意味着有许多邮局，也许你还没有决定要去哪一个。
When you talk about places in a city, you have a specific place in mind.
当你谈论一个城市的地方时，你心中有一个具体的地点。
That's why you often need 'the'.
这就是为什么你经常需要“the”。
Got it?
明白了吗？
In the next two sections, you'll see more details about when to use 'the', and when not to.
在接下来的两个部分中，你会看到更多关于何时使用“the”，以及何时不使用“the”的细节。
One of the biggest challenges with using 'the' accurately is different kinds of name.
准确使用“the”的最大挑战之一是不同种类的名称。
There are many rules to remember, and they aren't very consistent.
有许多规则需要记住，而且它们并不十分一致。
Let's practise this now!
我们现在就来练习一下吧！
Each sentence has two spaces.
每个句子都有两个空格。
The question is: do you need 'the' or not?
问题是：你到底需不需要“the”呢？
Pause the video and think about it.
暂停视频，想一想。
Ready?
好了吗？
Let's check!
让我们检查一下吧。
Many building names, like cinemas, museums, theatres and other famous buildings have names with 'the'.
许多建筑名称，如电影院、博物馆、剧院和其他著名建筑的名称都带有“the”。
The Odeon is a well-known cinema chain.
Odeon 是一家著名的连锁电影院。
Street names don't use 'the'.
街道名称不使用“the”。
There's a confusing rule with islands: if you're talking about a group of islands, you need 'the', but for an individual island, you don't use 'the'.
岛屿有一个令人困惑的规则：如果你说的是一群岛屿，你需要“the”，但对于一个单独的岛屿，那就不需要使用“the”。
So, you say 'the Philippines' but 'Luzon'.
因此，你说的是“the Philippines”和“Luzon”。
You say 'the Seychelles' but 'Hawaii', without 'the'.
你说的是“the Seychelles”和“Hawaii”，不需要加“the”。
There's something similar with mountains and mountain ranges.
山脉也有类似的情况。
If you're talking about a mountain range, like 'the Himalayas', you need 'the'.
如果你谈论的是一个山脉，比如“喜马拉雅山”，那就需要“the”。
But for a single mountain, like 'Mount Everest', you don't use 'the'.
但是对于单独的一座山来说，比如“珠穆朗玛峰”，那就不需要使用“the”。
Use 'the' with names of rivers, seas and oceans.
使用“the”表示河流、海洋的名称。
What about lakes?
那么湖泊呢？
No 'the' for lakes!
湖泊没有“the”！
This is the kind of time you might be feeling annoyed with the English language.
这种时候你可能会对英语感到厌烦。
Why are there all these rules?
为什么会有这些规则？
Why don't they make sense?
它们为什么毫无道理？
First, don't worry about these things too much.
首先，不要太担心这些事情。
It's good to speak and write accurately, but it's also not the end of the world if you make a mistake with 'the' in these situations.
说话和写作准确是好事，但就算你在这些情况下犯了“the”的错误，也不是世界末日。
Second, learning language in chunks can really help here.
第二，组块学习语言在这里非常有帮助。
If you learn the sentence 'Luzon is the largest island in the Philippines', and you remember the sentence, you don't have to think about when to use 'the' or not.
如果你学会了“吕宋岛是菲律宾最大的岛屿”这个句子，并且记住了这个句子，你就不必考虑何时使用何时不使用“the”了。
Here's a rule which is useful: if a name has a place as part of the name, it probably won't have 'the'.
这里有一条很有用的规则：如果一个名字中有一个地名作为名字的一部分，那可能不加“the”。
Stansted is a place, so the name 'Stansted airport' doesn't have 'the'.
斯坦斯特德是一个地方，所以“斯坦斯特德机场”这个名字没有加“the”。
Like countries, names of counties, states, provinces and so on mostly don't have 'the'.
和国家一样，县、州、省等的名称大多没有 “the”。
Essex is a county in the east of England.
埃塞克斯是英格兰东部的一个郡。
Then, if you learn in this way, you have many examples in your head of when to use 'the' or not.
然后呢，如果你以这种方式进行学习，你的脑子里就会有很多例子，知道什么时候该用“the”，什么时候不该用“the”。
This can build your instinct for what's correct, which makes it easier to decide when to use 'the' or not in new sentences.
这可以培养你对怎样是正确的直觉，让你更加容易确定在一个没见过的句子中到底应不应该使用“the”。
In number five, you can see another example of a name with a place: Edinburgh University.
在第五句中，你可以看到另一个带有地名的例子：爱丁堡大学。
It doesn't use 'the'.
并没有使用“the”。
But, if a name has 'of' in it, it generally will need 'the', even if it includes a place name.
但是，如果一个名字中含有“of”，那么它通常需要“the”，即使它包括一个地名。
And, sometimes there are two names for the same thing!
而且，有时同一个东西里面会有两个名字！
You can say Edinburgh University, or the University of Edinburgh.
你可以说爱丁堡大学，或爱丁堡大学。
The first one is more common, but both are possible.
第一种情况更常见，但两种情况都有可能。
OK? Remember that you might need to review a section more than once to get it.
好了吗？请记住，你可能需要对某一节进行多次复习才能掌握。
Also, remember that these five-level lessons are designed to help you find out what you know and what you don't know.
另外，记住这节五级课程旨在帮助你找出你哪些知识是掌握的，哪些知识没有掌握。
If you find a section difficult, that can help you to understand where your weaknesses are, and what you need to spend more time on.
如果你觉得某个部分很难，这可以帮助你了解你的弱点在哪里，以及你需要花更多时间在什么地方努力。
Here, you're going to see a topic which is — in our experience — one of the most confusing for English learners relating to using 'the'.
在这里，你将看到一个话题——根据我们的经验——对于英语学习者来说，这是与使用 “the”有关的最令人困惑的话题。
Before you see your sentences for level four, look at an example.
在看到你的第四级的句子之前，先看看一个例子。
Here, are we talking about one orangutan?
在这里，我们谈论的是一只红毛猩猩吗？
No, here, we mean all orangutans.
不，在这里，我们指的是所有红毛猩猩。
We're talking about orangutans generally.
我们谈论的是一般的猩猩。
So, why use a singular noun with 'the'?
那么，为什么要用单数名词和“the”呢？
Why not use a plural noun and say: 'Orangutans are found in Malaysia and Indonesia.'?
为什么不使用复数名词说："红毛猩猩在马来西亚和印度尼西亚都有。
Well, you can. Both sentences are possible.
嗯，其实可以的。这两个句子都是可能的。
Using 'the' here means that you're talking about a group or category.
在这里使用“the”意味着你在谈论一个群体或类别。
It can be confusing, because usually you use 'the' to talk about a specific thing, but here 'the' has a general meaning.
这可能会让人困惑，因为通常你用“the”来谈论一个特定的事物，但在这里“the”是一般的含义。
Let's practise this a little more.
让我们再练习一下。
Look at your sentences for this level.
看看这个级别的句子。
So, what do you have to do?
那么，你需要做什么呢？
Focus on the highlighted phrases with 'the'.
重点关注带有“the”的高亮短语。
Some of these phrases can be replaced with a plural noun, without 'the', like in the example about orangutans you just saw.
其中一些短语可以用复数名词代替，不加“the”，比如你刚才看到的关于猩猩的例子。
Your job is to find the sentences where this is possible, and change the noun phrase.
你的任务是找到可能出现这种情况的句子，并改变名词短语。
You might need to add some words.
你可能需要添加一些词语。
Pause the video, take your time, and think about it!
暂停视频，慢慢来，好好想一想!
Ready? Confused?
准备好了吗？有点困惑吗？
Let's do one together.
让我们一起做一个。
Here's the answer for number one only.
这里只有第一句的答案。
Done? Let's see the remaining answers.
完成了吗？让我们看看剩下的答案。
In sentences two and three, 'rich' and 'Swiss' are adjectives.
在第二句和第三句中，“富裕的”和“瑞士的”是形容词。
You can use 'the' plus an adjective to talk about a group or category in general.
你可以用“the”加一个形容词来泛指一个群体或类别。
If you want to use a plural noun instead, you need to add the noun — 'people'.
如果你想用复数名词来代替，你需要添加名词——“人”。
In sentence five, you can't use a plural noun.
在第五句中，你不能使用复数名词。
With musical instruments, you can only use 'the' plus a singular noun to talk about the category in general.
对于乐器而言，只能用“the”加单数名词来泛指该类别。
Again, if you're questioning your life choices in watching this video, don't worry about it.
同样地，如果你在观看这段视频时质疑自己的选择，不要担心。
Many English learners find this difficult, and need time to understand it in depth.
许多英语学习者认为这部分很难，需要时间来深入理解。
On the other hand, these aren't strange sentences or rules that you only need sometimes.
另一方面，这些奇怪的句子或规则并不只是时不时才会用到。
These rules and topics are relevant for speaking and writing in almost any situation, so they're worth spending time on if you want to communicate accurately and clearly!
这些规则和话题几乎与任何情况下的口语和写作有关，因此，如果你想准确和清晰地进行沟通，绝对值得花时间去研究这些规则和话题!
OK, you're nearly done — one more level to go!
好的，马上就快完成了——还差一关!
This is it — level five — the hardest questions we could make.
就在这里——第五级——我们能想出来的最难的问题。
Here are five sentences.
一共有五个句子。
Four of these sentences have mistakes; one is correct.
其中四个句子有错误，一个是正确的。
Can you find the correct sentence, and correct the mistakes in the other four?
你能找到正确的句子，并纠正其他四个句子中的错误吗？
Pause the video and try it now!
暂停视频，现在就试试吧!
Difficult?
觉得有点难吗？
Here's a clue: you might need to forget about the rules you know.
给大家提供一个线索：你可能需要忘记你所知道的规则。
These sentences test your knowledge of exceptions and unusual cases which don't fit the general rules about using articles.
这些句子测试你对不符合使用冠词的一般规则的例外和非常见情况的了解。
Finished?
做完了吗？
Let's look together.
让我们一起看一下吧。
Sentence one is correct.
第一句话是正确的。
How do you explain this?
如何解释呢？
Normally, you don't use articles with people's names.
通常情况下，人名不加冠词。
However, here, you're talking about multiple people who have the same name, and contrasting them.
然而，在这里你说的是多个拥有相同名字的人，并对他们进行对比。
'The Jamie I was telling you about' is specific, and needs 'the' to show this.
“我告诉你的杰米”是具体的，需要用“the”来表明这一点。
'A Jamie in my class' is one of many Jamies, but not the Jamie we're interested in right now.
“我班上的杰米”是许多杰米中的一个，但不是我们现在感兴趣的那个杰米。
In most cases, you say 'the future'.
在大多数情况下，你说的是“未来”。
In sentence two, you're talking about one of many possible futures, so you use 'a'.
在第二句中，你说的是许多可能的未来中的一个，所以要用“a”。
This is common when you use an adjective with 'future': 'a bright future', 'a difficult future', and so on.
当你使用带有“未来”的形容词时，这种情况很常见：“光明的未来”，“困难的未来”等等。
Again, sentence three shows you an exception to a rule.
同样地，第三句向你展示了一个规则的例外。
You don't usually use articles with days of the week, but if you're talking about which day a specific date falls on, then you can use 'a'.
通常一周的日子不和冠词搭配使用，但如果你说的是一个特定的日期，那么可以使用“a”。
You also need an article with days of the week if you use certain adjectives, like 'following' or 'previous'.
如果你使用某些形容词，如“以下的”或“之前的”，你也需要在星期几前面加冠词。
Sentence four is a good example of how inconsistent the 'rules' are here.
第四句是一个很好的例子，说明这里的“规则”是多么不一致。
You need 'the' for the hotel name, and for the floor number, but you don't use 'the' with the room number.
你需要用“the”来表示酒店名称和楼层号，但不需要用“the”来表示房间号。
Don't try to look for the logic — there isn't any.
不要试图去寻找逻辑——其实没有任何逻辑。
In sentence five, it would be easy to think that the two noun phrases — 'first/second half of the year' — should have the same article.
在第五句中，我们很容易认为两个名词短语——“上半年/下半年”——应该有同一个冠词。
However, in this case there is some logic to why they're different.
然而，在这种情况下确实有一些逻辑来解释为什么它们是不同的。
In the first one, you say 'a terrible first half' because, although there's only one first half of the year, there are many ways it could have gone.
在第一个中，你说的是“糟糕的上半年”，因为虽然一年只有一个上半年，但有很多方式可以表示它过得怎么样。
It could have been good, or amazing, or average, or bad, and so on.
它可能是好的，很棒的，一般的，很差的等等。
In the second one, there's no adjective.
在第二句中没有形容词。
Here, you use regular rules — there's only one second half of the year, so you use 'the'.
在这里，你使用的是常规规则——一年中只有一个下半年，所以使用“the”。
The adjective makes all the difference.
形容词非常重要。
That's all.
就这么多啦。
We hope you found the lesson interesting!
希望你觉得这堂课很有趣!
See you next time!
下次见！
标签： 一般来说英语
